Shih Tzu: Breed Guide for Owners
A Shih Tzu guide covering size, temperament, grooming, eye care, flat-faced breathing issues, heat safety, training and who the breed suits.
Sunny · · 4 min read
The Shih Tzu is a small, affectionate companion dog that usually adapts well to flats and family life. It has modest exercise needs but high grooming needs, and its short, flat face brings some health considerations — especially around breathing, eyes and heat. Knowing these before you start makes for a happier, healthier dog.
Quick facts
| Shih Tzu | |
|---|---|
| Size | Small |
| Height | About 23–27 cm |
| Weight | About 4–7 kg |
| Lifespan | Roughly 10–18 years; many live into their teens |
| Energy | Low to moderate |
| Grooming | Daily brushing, or a short clip every 4–8 weeks |
| Good for first-time owners? | Often, yes |
Ranges are based on AKC and Kennel Club breed information.
Temperament
Shih Tzus were bred as companions, and it shows. Most are friendly, cheerful and happiest close to their people. They usually get on with children who are gentle and with other pets. They can be a little stubborn, and some bark at the door, but they are rarely highly strung.
Because they are so people-focused, many Shih Tzus dislike being left alone for long periods. Build up time alone gradually from puppyhood — see our guide to leaving a puppy home alone.
Exercise
The Kennel Club suggests up to an hour of exercise a day. A couple of short walks plus indoor play is usually enough. Shih Tzus enjoy sniffing walks and short games more than long runs.
In warm weather, keep walks short and at the coolest times of day. Use a harness rather than a collar, which puts less pressure on the neck and airway.
Grooming
The long, double coat is beautiful but high-maintenance. You have two options:
- Long coat: brush and comb to the skin every day to stop mats forming.
- Puppy or "teddy bear" clip: a professional trim every 4–8 weeks, with brushing a few times a week in between.
Other regular jobs:
- Tie up or trim the hair above the nose so it doesn't poke the eyes.
- Gently wipe away tear staining and discharge with a clean, damp cloth.
- Check the ears, which can trap hair and wax.
- Clean teeth regularly — small breeds with short jaws often have crowded teeth. Our guide to brushing your dog's teeth explains how.
Training
Shih Tzus respond well to short, upbeat, reward-based training, but they can be stubborn and lose interest if sessions drag on. House training can take longer than with some breeds, so be patient and consistent with a routine and a crate or puppy pen.
Flat faces, eyes and heat
The Shih Tzu is a brachycephalic (flat-faced) breed. Flat-faced dogs can be prone to Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS), where narrowed nostrils and airways make breathing harder. Signs include noisy breathing when awake, struggling with exercise, gagging and disturbed sleep.
Their large, prominent eyes are also more exposed to injury. They can be prone to:
- Corneal ulcers — scratches on the eye surface.
- Dry eye (keratoconjunctivitis sicca).
- Eyelid and eyelash problems that rub the eye.
Flat-faced dogs also find it harder to cool down by panting, so they are at higher risk of heatstroke.
Other health issues
Shih Tzus can also be prone to dental disease, ear infections, kneecaps that slip out of place (patellar luxation), back problems and some inherited kidney conditions. Ask breeders about the health of the parents, and look for dogs with moderate features: open nostrils and a less extreme face.
Who does a Shih Tzu suit?
A good match if you:
- Live in a flat or smaller home and want a cuddly companion.
- Are home a lot and can spend time on grooming.
- Want a dog with modest exercise needs.
Probably not the right breed if you:
- Want a jogging or hiking partner.
- Live somewhere very hot without reliable cooling.
- Don't want to pay for or do regular grooming.
Shih Tzus and Shih Tzu crosses often come into rescues, so adopting an adult dog is well worth considering.
Frequently asked questions
Are Shih Tzus good for first-time owners?
Often, yes. They are affectionate and adaptable, but owners need to commit to daily grooming or regular clips, careful eye care and keeping them cool in hot weather.
Do Shih Tzus shed?
They shed less than many breeds because loose hair tends to stay in the long coat, but that coat tangles easily and needs daily brushing or a short trim.
Why do Shih Tzus snore?
Their short, flat face can narrow the airways. Light snoring is common, but loud breathing when awake, struggling for breath or collapsing after exercise should be checked by a vet.